ولد النحّات فونتانا في العام 1899 وتوفي في العام 1968، وهو نحّات وفنان ويعدّ أحد أبطال الحركة التجريدية الإيطالية، حيث عرض منحوتاته غير التصويرية الشهيرة في ميلوني 1935، وذلك في معرض فردي يمثل أول معرض للنحت التجريدي في إيطاليا.
وفي عام 1949، عرض أحد أعماله في غاليريا ديل نافيجليو تحت عنوان “البيئة المكانية في الضوء الأسود”، وكان بمثابة أول تعبير ثوري عن النظريات الفضائية. وفي بداية خمسينيات القرن الماضي، ركز في عمله على استكشاف ضوء النيون كوسيلة ملائمة للتعبير عن لغة الفن المكاني.
وقدم أعماله في دورات بينالي البندقية، ومعرض ميلان كل 3 سنوات، ومعرض روما كل 4 سنوات، وصالون دي بيلاس للفنون في بوينس آيرس، ومعرض دوكومنتا في كاسل، إلى جانب العديد من المعارض الفردية في المتاحف والمعارض، بما في ذلك متحف ستيديليك بأمستردام (1967)، ومعرض ماك روبرتس وتونارد بلندن (1960)، ومركز ووكر للفنون في مينيابوليس (1966)، وغاليري مارثا جاكسون بنيويورك (1961)، وغاليريا آيريس كليرت في باريغي (1964)، ومتحف الفن الحديث في ستوكهولم (1967)، وغاليري طوكيو بطوكيو (1962).
WP_Query Object
(
[query] => Array
(
[post_type] => cpt_artworks
[post_status] => publish
[meta_query] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => artworks_artist
[value] => s:4:"1002";
[compare] => LIKE
)
)
)
[query_vars] => Array
(
[post_type] => cpt_artworks
[post_status] => publish
[meta_query] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => artworks_artist
[value] => s:4:"1002";
[compare] => LIKE
)
)
[error] =>
[m] =>
[p] => 0
[post_parent] =>
[subpost] =>
[subpost_id] =>
[attachment] =>
[attachment_id] => 0
[name] =>
[pagename] =>
[page_id] => 0
[second] =>
[minute] =>
[hour] =>
[day] => 0
[monthnum] => 0
[year] => 0
[w] => 0
[category_name] =>
[tag] =>
[cat] =>
[tag_id] =>
[author] =>
[author_name] =>
[feed] =>
[tb] =>
[paged] => 0
[meta_key] =>
[meta_value] =>
[preview] =>
[s] =>
[sentence] =>
[title] =>
[fields] =>
[menu_order] =>
[embed] =>
[category__in] => Array
(
)
[category__not_in] => Array
(
)
[category__and] => Array
(
)
[post__in] => Array
(
)
[post__not_in] => Array
(
)
[post_name__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__not_in] => Array
(
)
[tag__and] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__in] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__and] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__in] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__not_in] => Array
(
)
[author__in] => Array
(
)
[author__not_in] => Array
(
)
[search_columns] => Array
(
)
[ignore_sticky_posts] =>
[suppress_filters] =>
[cache_results] => 1
[update_post_term_cache] => 1
[update_menu_item_cache] =>
[lazy_load_term_meta] => 1
[update_post_meta_cache] => 1
[posts_per_page] => 11
[nopaging] =>
[comments_per_page] => 50
[no_found_rows] =>
[order] => DESC
)
[tax_query] => WP_Tax_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
)
[relation] => AND
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
)
[queried_terms] => Array
(
)
[primary_table] => wp_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
)
[meta_query] => WP_Meta_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => artworks_artist
[value] => s:4:"1002";
[compare] => LIKE
)
[relation] => OR
)
[relation] => AND
[meta_table] => wp_postmeta
[meta_id_column] => post_id
[primary_table] => wp_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
[0] => wp_postmeta
)
[clauses:protected] => Array
(
[wp_postmeta] => Array
(
[key] => artworks_artist
[value] => s:4:"1002";
[compare] => LIKE
[compare_key] => =
[alias] => wp_postmeta
[cast] => CHAR
)
)
[has_or_relation:protected] =>
)
[date_query] =>
[request] => SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.ID
FROM wp_posts INNER JOIN wp_postmeta ON ( wp_posts.ID = wp_postmeta.post_id ) JOIN wp_icl_translations wpml_translations
ON wp_posts.ID = wpml_translations.element_id
AND wpml_translations.element_type = CONCAT('post_', wp_posts.post_type)
WHERE 1=1 AND (
( wp_postmeta.meta_key = 'artworks_artist' AND wp_postmeta.meta_value LIKE '{88d4c419dccc5d263c0ac47cf7553f188c9b3949df860799def787e63cc38445}s:4:\"1002\";{88d4c419dccc5d263c0ac47cf7553f188c9b3949df860799def787e63cc38445}' )
) AND wp_posts.post_type = 'cpt_artworks' AND ((wp_posts.post_status = 'publish')) AND ( ( ( wpml_translations.language_code = 'ar' OR (
wpml_translations.language_code = 'en'
AND wp_posts.post_type IN ( 'qrcode' )
AND ( (
( SELECT COUNT(element_id)
FROM wp_icl_translations
WHERE trid = wpml_translations.trid
AND language_code = 'ar'
) = 0
) OR (
( SELECT COUNT(element_id)
FROM wp_icl_translations t2
JOIN wp_posts p ON p.id = t2.element_id
WHERE t2.trid = wpml_translations.trid
AND t2.language_code = 'ar'
AND (
p.post_status = 'publish' OR p.post_status = 'private' OR
( p.post_type='attachment' AND p.post_status = 'inherit' )
)
) = 0 ) )
) ) AND wp_posts.post_type IN ('post','page','attachment','wp_block','wp_template','wp_template_part','wp_navigation','cpt_programs','cpt_artworks','cpt_artists','cpt_events','qrcode','cpt_trails','cpt_curators','cpt_podcast','opencall','surveys','cpt_awards' ) ) OR wp_posts.post_type NOT IN ('post','page','attachment','wp_block','wp_template','wp_template_part','wp_navigation','cpt_programs','cpt_artworks','cpt_artists','cpt_events','qrcode','cpt_trails','cpt_curators','cpt_podcast','opencall','surveys','cpt_awards' ) )
GROUP BY wp_posts.ID
ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC
LIMIT 0, 11
[posts] => Array
(
)
[post_count] => 0
[current_post] => -1
[before_loop] => 1
[in_the_loop] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[current_comment] => -1
[found_posts] => 0
[max_num_pages] => 0
[max_num_comment_pages] => 0
[is_single] =>
[is_preview] =>
[is_page] =>
[is_archive] =>
[is_date] =>
[is_year] =>
[is_month] =>
[is_day] =>
[is_time] =>
[is_author] =>
[is_category] =>
[is_tag] =>
[is_tax] =>
[is_search] =>
[is_feed] =>
[is_comment_feed] =>
[is_trackback] =>
[is_home] => 1
[is_privacy_policy] =>
[is_404] =>
[is_embed] =>
[is_paged] =>
[is_admin] =>
[is_attachment] =>
[is_singular] =>
[is_robots] =>
[is_favicon] =>
[is_posts_page] =>
[is_post_type_archive] =>
[query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => 84ef0b4c3d094c71b11684c126384d7a
[query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] =>
[thumbnails_cached] =>
[allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] =>
[stopwords:WP_Query:private] =>
[compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => query_vars_hash
[1] => query_vars_changed
)
[compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => init_query_flags
[1] => parse_tax_query
)
)