ألكسندر كالدر (الولايات المتحدة، 1898–1976) أحد أبرز النحاتين المجددين في فن النحت، إذ أحدث نقلة نوعية بإدخاله عنصر الحركة إلى المنحوتات، وصياغته لمصطلح “الموبيلات” للإشارة إلى أعماله المعلّقة المتحرّكة.

وبفضل خلفيته في الهندسة، أضفى كالدر على أعماله توازنًا ميكانيكيًا دقيقًا، حيث دمج الأسلاك والمعادن والألوان في تركيبات رشيقة تتحرك بانسيابية وتغيّر شكلها باستمرار.

كما أنجز منحوتات ثابتة عُرفت بـ “الستابيل”، حملت نفس الإيقاع الداخلي والطاقة البصرية رغم سكونها.

تأثر كالدر بالحركات الطليعية التي شهدتها باريس في عشرينيات القرن الماضي، واستلهم من فنانين مثل بيت موندريان شغفه بالأشكال الجريئة والألوان الأساسية.

لا يزال تأثيره حاضرًا بقوة في فن النحت المعاصر، وتُعرض أعماله في أبرز المتاحف العالمية، من بينها متحف الفن الحديث (MoMA)، ومركز بومبيدو، ومتحف غوغنهايم.

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---

ذا صلة

الأعمال الفنية

جاني واني

بواسطة ألكسندر كالدر

مجموعة